All recipes for chewing gum manufactured today share the same main ingredients: a gum base, sweeteners, primarily sugar and corn syrup , and flavorings. Some also contain softeners, such as glycerin（甘油） and vegetable oil. The amount of each added to the mix varies as to which type of gum is being manufactured. For example, bubble gum contains more of the gum base, so that your bubbles don’t burst…especially during class!
Though gum manufacturers carefully guard their recipes, they all share the same basic process to reach the finished product. Preparation of the gum base at the factory, by far the lengthiest3step, requires that the raw gum materials be melted down in sterilized4 in a steam cooker, and then pumped to a high-powered centrifuge（离心机） to rid the gum base of undesirable5dirt and bark.
Once the factory workers clean the melted gum base, they combine approximately 20% of the base with 63% sugar, 16% corn syrup, and 1% flavoring oils, such as spearmint, peppermint6, and cinnamon . While still warm, they run the mixture between pairs of rollers, which are coated on both sides with powdered sugar, to prevent the resulting ribbon of gum from sticking. The final pair of rollers comes fully2 equipped with knives, which snip7 the ribbon into sticks, which yet another machine individually wraps.
The gum base used in these recipes is, for the most part, manufactured, due to economic constraints8. In the good old days, the entire gum base came directly from the milky9 white sap, or chicle, of the sapodilla tree found in Mexico and in Guatemala. There, natives collect the chicle by the bucketful, boil it down, mold it into 25-pound blocks, and ship it directly to chewing gum factories. Those with little or no self-restraint, chew their chicle directly from the tree, as did New England settlers, after watching Indians do the same.
The concept of chewing gum stuck, and continues to play a vital role in our economy, largely due to the many benefits associated with its use. Sales of chewing gum first began in the early 1800s. Later, in the 1860s, chicle was imported as a substitute for rubber, and finally, in approximately the 1890s, for use in chewing gum.
The pure pleasure derived10 from enraging11 a schoolteacher by blowing bubbles in class, or from annoying a co-worker by snapping it, is only one of the attractions of chewing gum. Chewing gum actually helps to clean the teeth, and to moisturize the mouth, by stimulating12saliva13 production, which helps to neutralize14 tooth-decay-forming acids left behind after eating fermented15 food. uUlsda E
The muscular action of chewing gum also helps to curb16 a person’s appetite for a snack or for a cigarette, to concentrate, to stay alert, to ease tension, and to relax one’s nerves and muscles. For these very reasons, the armed forces supplied soldiers with chewing gum in World War I, World War II, in Korea, and in Vietnam. Today, chewing gum is still included in field and combat rations17. In fact, the Wrigley Company, following the Department of Defense18specifications19 supplied to government contractors20, supplied chewing gum for the distribution to troops stationed in Saudi Arabia during the Persian Gulf21 War. It is safe to say that chewing gum has served our country well.
Post time: Sep-16-2022